Grade 1 Mathematics – Understanding Basic Fractions

Edited Lesson Plan

Title: Grade 1 Mathematics – Understanding Basic Fractions


2. Materials Needed

  • Fraction circles (cut into halves and quarters)
  • Coloured paper or cardstock
  • Scissors
  • Glue sticks
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Picture books featuring simple fractions
  • Worksheets with fraction activities
  • Playdough or clay

3. Learning Objectives

  • Students will be able to identify and describe basic fractions (halves and quarters) as per CAPS guidelines.
  • Students will understand the concept of equal parts.
  • Students will be able to represent fractions using physical objects and drawings.

4. Vocabulary

  • Fraction
  • Half
  • Quarter
  • Whole
  • Equal parts
  • Divide

5. Previous Learning

  • Basic counting and number recognition.
  • Concepts of more and less.
  • Basic shape identification (circles, squares, etc.).

6. Anticipated Challenges and Solutions

  • Challenge: Difficulty in understanding the concept of equal parts.
    Solution: Use physical objects and manipulatives to demonstrate dividing items into equal parts.
  • Challenge: Confusion between different fractions.
    Solution: Consistently use visual aids and repeatedly engage with the fractions through varied activities to reinforce learning.

7. Beginning Activities (10% of time)

  • Introduction to Fractions:
    • Engage students in a discussion about the concept of sharing. Pose questions like:
    • “Have you ever shared something equally with a friend?”
    • “What does it mean to have an equal share?”
  • Read-Aloud: Use a picture book that introduces fractions in a relatable and simple way. Example: “Apple Fractions” by Jerry Pallotta. (5 minutes)
  • Activity Introduction: Briefly explain to students that they will be learning how to divide things into equal parts, known as fractions. (5 minutes)

8. Middle Activities (80% of time)

  • Interactive Fraction Demonstration:
    • (20 minutes) Use fraction circles to visually show halves and quarters.
    • Demonstrate dividing a whole circle into equal parts.
    • Have students participate by coming up to the board to divide shapes and describe the fractions.
  • Hands-On Activity:
    • (20 minutes) Provide students with coloured paper and ask them to fold and cut them into halves and quarters.
    • Have students label and glue their fractions onto a worksheet.
  • Playdough Activity:
    • (20 minutes) Give each student a piece of playdough and ask them to divide it into halves and then quarters.
    • Encourage them to reshape and divide the playdough multiple times to reinforce the concept.
  • Drawing Fractions:
    • (10 minutes) Have students draw different shapes (e.g., circles, squares) and divide them into halves and quarters on their own.
    • Ensure students colour in one of the parts to visually understand parts and wholes.
  • Group Work:
    • (10 minutes) Divide students into small groups and assign each group a fraction circle set.
    • Each group can practice combining and separating parts of different fractions to further grasp the idea of wholes divided into equal parts.

9. End Activities (10% of time)

  • Review and Recap:
    • (5 minutes) Gather students and briefly review what was learned about halves and quarters.
    • Use the whiteboard to summarize key points.
  • Quick Check:
    • (5 minutes) Ask students to show their playdough or paper fractions and explain their understanding.
    • Encourage them to share their thoughts with peers for peer learning.
  • Story Retelling: Revisit the read-aloud book and ask students to identify the fractions in the story if time permits.


10. Assessment and Checks for Understanding

  • Observation: Monitor students as they engage in hands-on activities, noting their ability to divide shapes into equal parts.
  • Worksheets Completion: Check the accuracy of their labelled fractions on the worksheets.
  • Oral Questions: Ask individual students to explain what a half and a quarter are.
  • Exit Tickets: Have students draw and label a fraction on a small piece of paper before they leave the class.

11. Differentiation Strategies

  • For Advanced Students: Include thirds in the lesson and provide more complex shapes to divide.
  • For Struggling Students: Offer additional one-on-one support and use larger and more tactile materials like larger fraction circles or pie charts.
  • Visual Learners: Utilize more visual aids such as fraction puzzles.
  • Kinesthetic Learners: Engage students with more hands-on activities, such as using physical objects to continuously practice dividing.

12. Teaching Notes

  • Ensure that each activity is clearly explained and modeled before students participate.
  • Use positive reinforcement to encourage participation and understanding.
  • Be patient and provide immediate feedback to correct misunderstandings.
  • Incorporate opportunities for peer learning and cooperative activities.
  • Adjust the pacing based on students’ grasp of the concepts; do not rush the activities.

CAPS Alignment

The lesson objectives are aligned with the CAPS curriculum for Grade 1 Mathematics, ensuring that students develop a foundational understanding of fractions. The activities are designed to be engaging and hands-on, accommodating various learning styles and abilities. The lesson makes use of readily available materials and incorporates plenty of visual and kinesthetic elements appropriate for young learners.

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