Attitudes Towards Migrants and Refugees
Positive Attitudes
Acceptance and Integration:
– Welcoming migrants as contributors
– Supporting cultural diversity
– Providing assistance and services
– Promoting equal opportunities
Economic Benefits Recognition:
– Acknowledging economic contributions
– Supporting entrepreneurship
– Filling skill gaps
– Creating job opportunities
Negative Attitudes
Xenophobia and Discrimination:
– Definition: Intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries
Causes of Xenophobia:
– Competition for jobs and resources
– Economic inequality and poverty
– Cultural differences and misunderstanding
– Lack of education and awareness
– Political manipulation and scapegoating
Effects of Xenophobia:
– Violence and attacks on foreigners
– Social tension and conflict
– Economic losses for businesses
– Damage to South Africa’s reputation
– Violation of human rights
Practice Questions
Quick Check Questions
- Define the difference between emigration and immigration, giving one example of each.
- List three push factors that might cause people to leave a rural area in South Africa.
- Explain what xenophobia means and give one example from South Africa.
- Distinguish between voluntary and forced migration with examples.
- Name two positive effects of migration on destination areas.
Challenge Questions
- Analyze the push and pull factors that led to Zimbabwean migration to South Africa. Include both economic and political factors in your answer.
- Evaluate the positive and negative effects of rural-urban migration on both origin and destination areas in South Africa.
Study Tips & Memory Aids
Memory Tricks:
– PUSH = Problems (negative things that make you want to leave)
– PULL = Positives (good things that attract you to come)
– International = passport needed (crossing borders)
– Internal = same country (no passport needed)
Study Strategies:
– Create mind maps connecting push/pull factors to case studies
– Practice drawing migration flow diagrams
– Use current news examples to understand concepts
– Make flashcards for key terminology
Time Management:
– Spend 15 minutes on concepts and definitions
– Spend 20 minutes on case studies and examples
– Spend 10 minutes on practice questions
Quick Reference Sheet
| Concept | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Migration | Movement of people from one place to another | Rural to urban movement |
| Push Factor | Negative condition that drives people away | Unemployment, war, drought |
| Pull Factor | Positive condition that attracts people | Job opportunities, safety |
| Emigration | Leaving your country | South Africans moving to Canada |
| Immigration | Entering a new country | Europeans moving to South Africa |
| Xenophobia | Fear/dislike of foreigners | Attacks on foreign shop owners |
| Refugee | Person fleeing persecution | People escaping war zones |
| Migrant Labour | Temporary workers | Mine workers from Lesotho |
Assessment Preparation
What to Focus On:
– High Priority: Push and pull factors with examples
– High Priority: Types of migration (voluntary/forced, temporary/permanent)
– Medium Priority: Effects of migration on origin and destination areas
– Medium Priority: South African case studies
Assessment Format:
– Multiple Choice: 30% of marks (definitions and examples)
– Short Questions: 40% of marks (explain concepts with examples)
– Essays: 30% of marks (analyze case studies and evaluate impacts)
Answer Key & Solutions
Quick Check Answers:
1. Emigration = leaving your country (e.g., South Africans moving to Australia). Immigration = entering a new country (e.g., Zimbabweans entering South Africa)
2. Three push factors: unemployment, poor infrastructure, lack of healthcare/education
3. Xenophobia = fear or dislike of foreigners. Example: attacks on foreign shop owners in townships
4. Voluntary = people choose to move (e.g., for jobs). Forced = people have no choice (e.g., war refugees)
5. Two positive effects: economic growth, cultural diversity
Challenge Question Solutions:
1. Push factors from Zimbabwe: Economic collapse, political instability, unemployment, food shortages. Pull factors to South Africa: Stable economy, job opportunities, better services, political stability.
2. Effects on origin areas: Negative – brain drain, aging population. Positive – reduced pressure on resources, remittances. Effects on destination areas: Positive – economic growth, fills labor gaps. Negative – overcrowding, pressure on services.
What’s Next?
Next Week’s Topic: Water Management in South Africa
Revision Needed: Population structure and growth concepts
Extra Practice: Map work skills and GIS applications
Study Strategy Recommendation:
1. Read through concepts (15 mins)
2. Study case studies (20 mins)
3. Attempt practice questions (25 mins)
4. Review mistakes and tips (10 mins)
Good luck with your studies! 🌟
These study notes are aligned with the CAPS curriculum for Grade 10 Geography Term 3, Week 9. For additional support, consult your textbook and teacher.