Study Notes: Grade 9 Mathematics – Intercepts

1. Topic Overview

Main Concept/Theme: Understanding and finding intercepts of a line in the coordinate plane.

Key Learning Objectives:
– Understand what intercepts are in the context of graphs.
– Learn how to find x-intercepts and y-intercepts of a given linear equation.
– Apply the knowledge to solve problems involving intercepts.

2. Key Terms and Definitions

  • Intercept: The point where a graph intersects an axis.
  • x-intercept: The point where the graph intersects the x-axis (where ( y = 0 )).
  • y-intercept: The point where the graph intersects the y-axis (where ( x = 0 )).
  • Linear equation: An equation that makes a straight line when it is graphed. Typically in the form ( y = mx + b ) or ( ax + by = c ).

3. Main Content Sections

3.1 Understanding Intercepts

x-Intercept

  • The x-intercept is the point where the graph crosses the x-axis.
  • At the x-intercept, the value of ( y ) is always 0.
  • To find the x-intercept, set ( y ) to 0 in the equation and solve for ( x ).

y-Intercept

  • The y-intercept is the point where the graph crosses the y-axis.
  • At the y-intercept, the value of ( x ) is always 0.
  • To find the y-intercept, set ( x ) to 0 in the equation and solve for ( y ).

3.2 Finding Intercepts from Equations

Example 1: ( y = 2x + 3 )

  • y-Intercept: Set ( x = 0 )
    [
    y = 2(0) + 3
    ]
    [
    y = 3
    ]
    The y-intercept is ( (0, 3) ).
  • x-Intercept: Set ( y = 0 )
    [
    0 = 2x + 3
    ]
    [
    2x = -3
    ]
    [
    x = -\frac{3}{2}
    ]
    The x-intercept is ( \left( -\frac{3}{2}, 0 \right) ).

Example 2: ( 3x – 4y = 12 )

  • y-Intercept: Set ( x = 0 )
    [
    3(0) – 4y = 12
    ]
    [
    -4y = 12
    ]
    [
    y = -3
    ]
    The y-intercept is ( (0, -3) ).
  • x-Intercept: Set ( y = 0 )
    [
    3x – 4(0) = 12
    ]
    [
    3x = 12
    ]
    [
    x = 4
    ]
    The x-intercept is ( (4, 0) ).

4. Example Problems or Case Studies

Problem 1

Find the intercepts of the equation ( y = -3x + 6 ).

Solution:
y-Intercept: Set ( x = 0 )
[
y = -3(0) + 6 = 6
]
The y-intercept is ( (0, 6) ).

  • x-Intercept: Set ( y = 0 )
    [
    0 = -3x + 6
    ]
    [
    3x = 6
    ]
    [
    x = 2
    ]
    The x-intercept is ( (2, 0) ).

5. Summary or Review Section

  • Intercepts are where a graph meets the axes.
  • The x-intercept occurs where ( y = 0 ); the y-intercept occurs where ( x = 0 ).
  • To find intercepts, substitute the relevant value (0) into the equation and solve for the other variable.

6. Self-Assessment Questions

  1. Find the x and y intercepts of the equation ( y = \frac{1}{2}x + 4 ).
  2. What is the y-intercept of the equation ( 5x – 2y = 10 )?
  3. If the x-intercept of a line is ( 7 ) and the y-intercept is ( -5 ), write down these points in coordinate form.

7. Connections to Other Topics/Subjects

  • Coordinate Geometry: Intercepts are fundamental in understanding the shapes and positions of graphs.
  • Algebra: Solving equations is a key skill to finding intercepts.
  • Real-World Applications: Understanding intercepts helps in predicting outcomes, such as where a trend line might cross a target value in data analysis.

Remember to practice regularly and seek help if a concept isn’t clear. Keep testing your understanding and soon, finding intercepts will become second nature!


Good luck with your studies!