Grade 10 Accounting: Recording Business Transactions using Source Documents – Week 9 Term 3

1. Source Document

Original document that provides evidence of a business transaction (receipt, invoice, credit note)

2. Invoice

Document issued by a seller to a buyer indicating the products, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services

3. Receipt

Written acknowledgment that a specified article, sum of money, or shipment of merchandise has been received

4. Credit Note

Document issued to indicate a reduction in the amount owed by a customer

5. Business Transaction

An economic event that affects the financial position of a business and can be measured reliably

Hook Activity:

Show learners various real source documents (receipt from grocery store, utility bill, bank statement) and ask: “What story do these documents tell about someone’s financial activities?”

Introduction Activities:

• Quick review of the accounting equation using a mental warm-up exercise
• Introduce the lesson objective: “Today we become financial detectives, using documents to track business transactions”
• Display learning objectives and success criteria clearly

Direct Instruction (15 minutes):

Explain each type of source document using real examples:

• Invoice: When goods/services are sold on credit
• Receipt: When cash is received for goods/services
• Credit Note: When goods are returned or allowances given
• Debit Note: When charges are added to customer account

Demonstrate how to extract key information: date, amount, parties involved, nature of transaction

Guided Practice (15 minutes):

Work through sample transactions step-by-step using projected source documents:

• Transaction 1: Cash sale with receipt – increase Cash (Asset), increase Sales (Equity)
• Transaction 2: Credit sale with invoice – increase Accounts Receivable (Asset), increase Sales (Equity)
• Transaction 3: Return of goods with credit note – decrease Accounts Receivable (Asset), decrease Sales (Equity)

Use the accounting equation to show the effect of each transaction

Independent Practice (10 minutes):

Learners work individually to analyze and record 3 transactions from provided source documents:

• Worksheet with mixed source documents and accounting equation template
• Teacher circulates to provide individual support
• Early finishers can attempt bonus challenge questions

Consolidation Activity:

Quick-fire round: Show source documents on screen, learners identify document type and state the accounting equation effect using mini-whiteboards

Exit Ticket:

Complete the statement: “Source documents are important because…” and give one example of how a business transaction affects the accounting equation

📝 Formative Assessment

• Observation during guided practice discussions
• Check understanding through questioning during examples
• Monitor completion of independent practice worksheet
• Exit ticket responses to gauge individual understanding

📋 Summative Assessment

• Completed source document analysis worksheet
• Accuracy of transaction recording using accounting equation
• Quality of explanations for document importance

🤝 For learners who need support:

• Provide template with accounting equation partially completed
• Use simplified source documents with clear, highlighted key information
• Pair with stronger peer for buddy support
• Provide additional verbal explanations and visual aids
• Allow extra time for processing and recording

🚀 For advanced learners:

• Provide complex source documents with multiple transactions
• Challenge to explain why certain documents are better evidence than others
• Create their own business scenario with appropriate source documents
• Research and present on digital source documents in modern accounting
• Analyze real business case studies with multiple document types

♿ For learners with barriers:

• Use larger font source documents for visual impairments
• Provide audio descriptions of document contents
• Allow verbal responses instead of written for language barriers
• Use translated key terms where appropriate
• Provide additional processing time for all activities

✅ What worked well:

[To be completed after lesson – observe learner engagement, understanding levels, practical activity success]

🔧 What could be improved:

[To be completed after lesson – note timing issues, clarity of explanations, resource effectiveness]

📝 Notes for next lesson:

[To be completed after lesson – concepts needing reinforcement, learners requiring additional support, progression to cash journals]