Study Notes: Grade 10 Computer Applications, Technology System Technologies

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Grade 10 Computer Applications Technology: System Technologies

1. Topic Overview

Main Concept/Theme: Understanding System Technologies, which include computer hardware, software, and basic troubleshooting.

Key Learning Objectives:
– Recognize and describe the main types of computer hardware.
– Understand the difference between system software and application software.
– Basic troubleshooting techniques for common computer issues.

2. Key Terms and Definitions

  • Hardware: The physical parts of a computer system (e.g., CPU, RAM, hard drive).
  • Software: The programs and other operating information used by a computer.
  • CPU (Central Processing Unit): The primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside a computer.
  • RAM (Random Access Memory): A type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly and is used for storing working data and machine code currently in use.
  • Hard Drive: A data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information.
  • Motherboard: The main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems.
  • Operating System (OS): System software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
  • Application Software: Computer software designed to help the user perform specific tasks.

3. Main Content Sections

Computer Hardware

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

  • Known as the brain of the computer.
  • Performs calculations and executes instructions.
  • Speed measured in GHz (gigahertz).

Memory (RAM)

  • Temporarily stores data and machine code currently being used.
  • More RAM allows more applications to run simultaneously.
  • Measured in GB (gigabytes).

Storage Devices

  • Hard Drives (HDDs) and Solid-State Drives (SSDs) store data permanently.
  • HDDs have moving parts and are generally slower and cheaper.
  • SSDs use flash memory, have no moving parts, and are faster but more expensive.

Motherboard

  • Connects all components of the computer.
  • Houses the CPU, RAM, and expansion cards.
  • Includes ports for peripherals (e.g., USB, HDMI).

Computer Software

System Software

  • Includes Operating Systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux).
  • Manages hardware and software resources.
  • Provides user interfaces (GUI or command line).

Application Software

  • Specific programs designed for end-users (e.g., Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop).
  • Can be categorized into productivity software, media software, educational software, etc.

Basic Troubleshooting Techniques

  • Restarting the Computer: Often resolves many simple issues.
  • Checking Connections: Ensure all cables are properly connected.
  • Updating Software: Keeping the operating system and software up to date can prevent and resolve issues.
  • Running Anti-virus: Scanning for and removing malware can fix performance issues.
  • Checking System Performance:
  • Task Manager (Windows) or Activity Monitor (macOS) to identify heavy resource usage.
  • Managing startup programs to improve boot time.

4. Example

Example Problem 1: Your computer is running very slowly. What steps should you take to troubleshoot this issue?
Solution:
1. Restart the computer.
2. Check for software updates and install them.
3. Run an anti-virus scan to check for malware.
4. Use Task Manager to see if any programs are using too many resources and close unnecessary applications.
5. Check if there is enough free space on the hard drive.

Example Problem 2: You are unable to connect to the internet. What should you check?
Solution:
1. Ensure the Wi-Fi is turned on and you are connected to the correct network.
2. Restart the router and the computer.
3. Check if other devices can connect to the internet.
4. Troubleshoot the network settings in the operating system.

5. Summary

System Technologies involve understanding the hardware and software that make up a computer system. Key hardware includes the CPU, RAM, and storage devices, while software is categorized into system software and application software. Basic troubleshooting can often resolve common computer issues and involves steps like restarting the computer, checking connections, and updating software.

6. Self-Assessment Questions

  1. What is the role of the CPU in a computer?
  2. How does RAM differ from a hard drive?
  3. Give two examples of system software.
  4. Name three steps you would take to troubleshoot a slow-running computer.
  5. Explain the difference between hardware and software.

7. Connections to Other Topics/Subjects

  • Mathematics: Understanding binary numbers and logic gates used in CPUs.
  • Technology: Building a foundation for more advanced topics like networking and coding.
  • Life Orientation: Developing problem-solving skills useful in everyday technology use.

Encourage students to apply these notes to practical situations and regularly test their knowledge to ensure understanding.